Oscillation-deadening device



May 26, 1925.

L A. GiRARD OSCILLA'I ION DEADENING DEVICE Filed April 27, 1921 5Sheets-Sheet 1 1,539,557.. L. A. GERARD OSGILLATION DEADENING DEVICEFiled April 27, 1921. a sheets sheet 2 r mentor [.44. Gala/rd L. A.GlRARD 0S CILLATION DEADENING DEVICE Filed April 27, 1921 5 Shets-Sheet5 I171) ell/$0 G lizuaz'dy May 26,1925.

5... A. GIRARD OSCILLATION DEADENING DEVICE 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet FiledApr May 26, 1925. ggg g I Y L. A. GIRARD OSCILLATION DEADENING DEVICEFiled Apri1 27, 192 s Sheets-$heet 5 n ii; aim fl 43$ iii wal a@SCELLATEUN-DEADENINE Application filed April 27, 1923.. Serial No. 3%,9353.

To all whom 5257 72611] concern:

Be it known that LLoms Agl-IXANDRE GIRARD, a citizen of the FrenchFcepublzc,

and a resident of the city of Paris, France;

I from the non-suepemie l part an i from posifiion, in which ere is bhenjuxtaposi" oii of constant o i progressive or: in-g or solely which isan iin'pio'veinei'it the deadening device forming the sub ject-matter ofFrench Patent No. 514,770

defied 30527. April 1920, is essentially chamcterized by a chamberfiileci with a suitable liqnii, oil, glycerine, etc, divided 11 twocompartments by a movable forced, through a' suitable opera" vice,reproduce, according to iieter mined law, the relative displacement ofislie suspended part of the vehicle and 01': me

ROKl-SUFPQIHlU/i part. These two compacimeme communicate withillllliilfi? constant volume chambeig also filled with liquid, forming pchamber permitting the 4 liquid issuing from the which diminishes involume,

compartmentin'lco 'i'iiait which increases in volume. The twoconipm-imeiiis eliminbei' and p chamber are connected by ffilifillh es,arranged in a siiimi'iie 11121211161 z'cleftii'eiy "to the zone of:iisplacemen of the movable partition, and. of which are ve Omicliquid.

. aviiment we chi;

' "r shut to the atmosphere,

:i designates the pal 'ije chamber and Z the 5 mgpireied i) die seetioiiof commieiiication of (:01 1pm ieble volume will i'tlie she-111i.)- ll.

rovided more for periitiimiii the passage the liquid. only from X to andfroze X to Z and. tiifijil direction only.

Qoiisequently, ike. eyele effected by the iiquid is the following: ifiiie mo' lebie pairti 'tion moves, for instance, in such direction thatthe compertmen: "I iiin'iii'iisiios, the liquid driven from thiscompartment passes through *L'he permanent orifices, eross section ofWiiiih decreases in PIOIJQL'L on to the displacement oi the partition,into the chamber X by progressivel i" braking" the n'iovement of thepm'fiitioii; as the liquid passes "from the compartment, Y into thechamber X, the same quantity of liquid psi: ,ee from the chamber K intothe coinpsirtmeiit TI, on one hand through the permanent communicationorifices, on the other hand through the orifice which permits Hiepassage in that direction only. When the reverse inevenient of attiiiion takes pizic-e. lie (iiiquit (iiuCii efi by the liquid is effectedin the conditions, buii IQVQISQLV, I

The permanent orifices may, moreover, lie combinerl in. such a mannerthat the move mentsoi? the movabie partition are subjected to a(liii'erent braking action according to the ciii'fic'tioim The purposeof the oz'ifises provided Wit-in "iembeis permitting the passage of theliquid only in m the chamber X into the eompa'ccmencs, is to ensure theprogressive Making; in both directions.

in bile a property of these iii-me increases a in v in the chamber X,pressure which may be ill null. As is obvious this chamber is to beabout the stufiing-box or stuiiingensuring the tightness of the appa.

ratus.

In the portion of the device where the movement of the movable partitiontakes place, correspondin to the fall of the nonsuspcnded part of t isvehicle 311 a hollowof the road, an orifice may be prov ded wlnchensures the direct communication between the variable volumecompartments, for the f d' 'h'. the bra-kin of the purpose mums mg gwhen the piston reaches the piston a.

movement in that portion of the stroke. A Another improvement consistsin dividing the circular casing of the-,apparatusmto two parts by afixed'diametrlcal partition and in arranging in these parts two addlesin alignment with each other, so hat the apparatus is double andfprmedoftwo symmetrical parts, this having the advantage of balancing thestresses in a me 0 pre-- cise manner and of doubling the u'sefu efl'ectwithout increasing the dimens ons of the ap. liratus.

n the. accompanying drawmgggrven by illustrating the. principle oftherinvention.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of one' form .of

the imprpved device wtith the cover removed.

3 Fig. 3 1s a sectional view of the same taken en line 3 3 of Fig. 2.

Fig.4" is a sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

. N Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on line is employed.

Fig. 6 ='s a reduced view partly on section,

illustrating, the manner-in whichthe device Figs. Tend at right anglesto one another, of a -modification.

Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the principle as employed in the duplexsystem.

, Fig. 10 is a front view w th the cdver removed, of a duplex device. .1is a sectional'view taken on line 1'1 1 o Fig. 10.

Fig. i2=is another front view of the duplex device with the separatingplate removed;

Fig. 13 is a front view of the separating I plate which dividesthechambers of variable volume from the chamber having a constantvolume.

-14--l4 of Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a side view of the fixed parti ,tion orFig. 14 is a sectional view taken on line,

ming part of the duplex device. Fig. 16 a sectional view taken on line1616 of Fig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a plan view of the double paddle forming part of the duplexdevice.

Referring to Fig. i, it will be seen that Fig. 1 is a diagram- Jrliquidpasses S are; vertical sectional views the three chambers orcompartment-s X, w

. Y, Z are formed, for instance, in a box a, divided by a fixedpartition I) and having a movable partition or piston o. The twocompartments Y and Z are in communication with the chamber X through anarrow port (13, along which moves the piston c. The compartments Y andZ are in communication with the chamber X through orifices e, fprovidedwith flap-valves 'g, h opening towards Y and Z. The threechambers or com artments are completely filled with liquid and shut tothe atmosphere, as above stated. The compartments Y and Z are in directcommunication through a passage 2' The operation is as follows:

The piston a being. forced to reproduce the relative movements of the;suspended part and of the non-suspended part, this piston movessometimes in the direction of the arrow' f; sometimes in the directionof the arrow f. The control device is such that when a shock causes thespring to yield, this piston moves in the direction of the arrow f, thellllld is compressed in the compartment the pressure closes theflap-valve g and forces the liquid to pass in'the chamber K through theportion of the port 03 in front of the piston.

' The extent of this portion of the port diminishes in proportion to thedisplacement of the piston, so that the value of the breaking action.progressively increases up to the infinite, when the piston reaches thelimit position 0 From the constant volume chamber X the into thecompartment Z through the orifice f and the flap-valve k which it. openssince the chamber X was already full of liquid and that the increase involume of the compartment Z exactly corresponds to the diminution involume of the compartment Y.

In the movement in reverse direction of the partition (arrow f),whichcorresponds to thc-reboluul. the liquid compressed in thecompartment Z closes the flap-valve It. passes through the port d intothe chamber X full of liquid and from this chamber returns in thecomparhnent Y through the orifice c by opening the flup-valve The extentof the port permitting the issue oi'pthe liquid from the unnpartmcnt Zdiminishes in proportion to the movement so that, during the rebound aswell .as during the yielding, the braking is progressive.

When the non-Hus cudcd mrl ol the \oi compartment Y and following thecircuit indicated until the piston c is opposite the passage 5; at thismoment, the liquid passes 1' to U m limit Qi'if/ Th0 "re- L1 ith ziifluid hei braked hm d he expansion of the i {Z cross x the fiexion onpassage 2 more heavy th'v vehicle loaded, the z-eaoer the 'esistnnvv hrthe rebound, and, the iess is it necessary tn 131g Of interpnseaccessc-ry devices in moderate it, as

W W01 rhiiiug above set Em-ch in result No. 5. These 0xm mgwni ui'pianationsalso relate t0 result No. 6 while the an'cmtif, is behavedthat result No; 7 is self-explanatory, v

the form of construction illustrated in as 2 to 6, the apparatus isconstituted round box or casing a closed by a hnimm j. The fixedpartition 7) esente by a disc separating 'thv cham- "zonmthe twacomparh'z'z'ents Y and Pi ton c-r mn-vabi-e partition separating l} twocompartmenfs Y Z is a vane c integ m] iifiilS a? on winch 151' also seacared. a is e- L (F 1g. 6} connected by a gmove m and a joint 971 to thesuspension .iha compartmenis Y, Z are: separated :fhe aha? hand h afixed oar'iiiti n B91309; is formal in a specmi manner. in the mm; etigaQ7? the bottom j (Fig, 3) 1s circular roove in which fitted in :"isring; are forme notches r1,

1.. ahead in Simiiar finishes 2* are formed iii the batten; j, be- 19wall n.

' g; can. rota to came boh series of matches come-151e, 01' c0 chspiacethflm more (yr-that purpose the sand ring 1s ,+1 .1 3TH; dr

-. 10ml 7; (i1 5. an o) i in which. a" .1 "13$ 0;. a rod t'carrying asmall opert E37 acting on this lever the 1s moved in. my: Eiirection orihe other of the 1121; me desired, reiative positisn notches g and; 'ris determined,

3n the stile! hand in the disc Z; is formed grsov u 5 according to anare f cimie, as shown in 2, and Reading orifice 11 opening in ihechamber X. X the, wail 'n, is also provided a gmow z' and 3 whichceriwsponcis to the '2? 0? the diagmm. I 1" in the Wall of the disc 7)are passages F; v ('zmsinp; the chamber mmpartnwnt Y to mmmunicate. ,771 are L provided with 2:31am; the filling up of the 21p iilni to that:leacribeci' he siispen .e W220 moves in abcut its axis in its anegcent-ric pin 5 formthe resistance becomes infinite.

the direction f. The liquid compressed a tcovered by the vane c, at thesame time as the number of grooves ensuring the passage of the oildiminishes. It results therefrom that the resistance increases and thatthe braking is progressive. At the end of the movement, all the passagesare closed and However, for avoiding, hammer strokes, the orifices e"have been provided, which offer a small passage to the oil at the end ofthe movement.

When the rebound of the spring takes place, the'vane 0 moves in thedirection The resistance is small at the beginning, as all the notches gr serve for the passage or the oil. Their number diminishes also andthere is again progressive braking.

When the non-suspended part of the vehicle falls in a hollow of theroad. that is to say at the time the vane comes opposite the groove i,there is juxtaposition of progressive braking and of constant braking asabove set forth.

I described.

The oil which passes through the notches g 1' in both directions ofmovement is collected in the header u from which it passes, through theorifice u, into the chamber X.

' The valves ghoperate exactly as already described.

It will be noted that, it the vehicle is more than normally loaded. thespring comes nearer the vehicle, the link m slightly rises (Fig. 6) andthe vane moves slightly towards the left (Fig. 2). from, as will beeasily understood, that in thiscase the braking" is more energetic, theoil passages being diminished from the beginning. It will also be notedthat the orifices o and '0 do not come in action when the rebound takesplace, as said openings are covered at the beginning of the rebound.

The braking of the rebound is so'much the more energetic as the load issmaller.

In the modification of Figs. 7 and 8, the chambers Y-and Z communicatewith an intermediate chamber XV through a slot this chamber communicateswith the chamber X through a series of. holes'u The operation is similarto that already In this case, it is the passage of the liquid throughthe slot which pro- (lures the braking.

In Fig. 9, the device is double, two pistons c and o) are connected by arod 0 which passes through the partition K and is connected to the axleof the vehicle. The valves 9, h are arranged in the pipes e and fconnecting the chambers Y and Y and "at diametrically opposite points.

It results thereas In this case grooves 2' Referring now specifically?to Figs. 10 to 17 inclusive. the casing j is divided into two chambersby a fixed partition 1, shown in detail in Figs. 15 and 16. Thispartition is of special shape and contains the housings for the valves9, h, g and h It is provided with a rib 2 fitting in a correspondinggroove in the base of the casing, and acting a key. Cylindrical keys 3and 4.- fit partly in the ends of the partition 1 and partly in thecasing j, to aidin securing the partition in position. This arrangementpositively fixes the partition in the casing and prevents. leakage ofthe fluid past the partition. 1 V

A partitionjb, shown in detail in Fi s. 12 and 14:, is connected by ascrew 27 to tie cylindrical key 3 to prevent the partition I) fromturning. p

The piston or paddle 0 0 is duplex in this instanceand is shown indetail in Fig. 17. The intermediate portion of this piston fits in aslot formed in a fork 6 arranged at the end of the shaft in, as shown inFig. 11. This paddle is centered on the shaft, by means of the sidewallsof the recess 8,

which engage thcouter surface of the shnft,..

In order toprevent the paddle c, c from dis connecting from the fork 6,2. 11001110 may be passed around the shaft and a screw 9 may be insertedthrough the: shaft, or either oneof these may be used alone for thispurpose. a

The treaded cover a of the casing, which locks the partition Z) on thedamper body or casing j, is provided at its inner end with a COIIICflIbOIB 11 which bears against a pack- 1H9} ring 12 made of India rubber orcork.

' The conical shape of the bore facilitates the compression of thepacking.

The ackin of the inner stuliin" box is,

constituted by one or more rings 13, made of cork, which are compressedwhen the a cover a-is screwed into position. vOwing to this arrangementa' tight joint may be made about the shaft Z: and at the inner end ofthe cover. Neit'her' packing 1.3 or 12 prevents the clamping of thepartitionl The packing is of the outer stufiing box is constituting inthe same way by oneor more rings, of cork or the like, compressed by anut 15 and fitted in grooves 16in the shaft-k, so as to insure a tightjoint at this location.

- The above arrangements are givenby way of example only; the forms,dimensions, ma-

90 with 5" f pertinent.

2. In e shock u owrber, a. chamber filled with liquid. a movablepartition dividing this chamber into two compartments of Va riablevolume. ports ooverecl and uncovered by the movable partition, aconstant volume chamher into which. said ports valves controllingcommunication hetween the con stant volume chamber and the two conpertments, on e passageway cooperating (l 1.. par ition to provide aconstant, Outfl w when the partition registers with said passageway.

3. In a. shock absorber. chamber filled with liquid. a movable part tiondividing said. chamber into two compartments of variable olume. openingsarranged in said partition and progressively covered and uncovered bythe movable partition. av constant volume chamber to receive liquidpassing througghsaid openings. and valves for controlling; the passageof liquid between the constant volume chamber and the two compartments.

4;. in a shock absorber. a ehamher filled with liquid. a movablepartition dividing this chamber into two compartments. two openingscovered .01 uncovered by the movable partition. a. constant volumechamber receiving liquid through said openings, a. partitionseparatingthe two compartments from the constant, volume chamber, and

.u arranged in the last mentioned partition JP permitting the passage0'5 liquid From tho constant volume chamber into each variable volumecompartment.

5. In a shock absor er, a cylindrical chem? her filled with liquid. a,stationary partition zn'ranc'cd in said chamber and dividing the someinto constant volume chamber and movable partition chamber, 51 mo ablepart tion rotatably mounted in the movable partition chamber anddividing the latter int two compartments of variable volume, portsarranged in the stationary partition.

and covered and uncovered by the movable partition. and a passagewaycooperating ivith Ffllrl movable partition and capable of a a constantoutflow section when wizble partition registers with said one of saidcon'ipartn'ients and dividing the adapted to flow from the variablevolui'nc some into two variable volume chambers, ports arranged in thestationary partition and covered and uncovered by said vane, and valvesarranged in said partition for controlling the movement of liquid fromthe compartment in which the vane is mounted into the othercornpertinent,v I

7. A shock absorbing apparatus including a cylindrical chamber. arotatable vane dividing said chamber into two compartments of variablevolume, a constant volume chamber juxtaposed to the said cylindricalchamher, radial notches through which fluid is compartments to theconstant volume chamber, means for varying the E'IZB'Ol. these notches,and valve controlled openings for regulating the passage of fluid fromthe con stant volume chamber to the two col'npartments and vice versa.

S. In a shock absorber, a-cylindrical cham her, a rotatable vanedividing said chamber into two compartments of: variable volume. aconstant volume chamber juxtaposed "co the said cyliudrir-zil chau'iber,a stationary partition separating the constant volume chamber from thetwo compartments, radial not hes through which fluid is adapted to flowfrom said compartmcnts to said constant volume chamber. a ring providedwith corresponding notches to cooperate with the other notches, meansfor adjusting said ring to shift the notches of the ring relatively tothe other notches, and valves arranged in said partition for controllingthe passage of fluid from the constant volume chamber into saidcompartments and woe \QlSfi.

9. In an oscillating shock absorber. n r lindrical chamber, a rotatablevane dividing it into two compartments, a constant volume chamberjuxtaposed to the said cylindrical chamber. a partition separating saidchainhers, radial notches adapted to serve as bralo ing orifices betweenthe chambers and arranged in two concentric rows, a rotary-ring inWhiclfone of these rows of notches is formed means for adjusting saidring for varying the section of the notches, and valves arranged in saidpartition for com trolling the flow of liquid from the constant volumechamber into said compel sweet.

10. A shock absorbing apparatus including a cylindrical chamber, arotatable vane dividing said chamber mtotwo compartmeets, a constantvolume chamber juxtw. posed to the said cylindrical chamber, a partitiondividing said chambers, radial notches to serve as braking orificee 'arconcentric rows endodayted to permit the passage of fluid from saidcompartments into said constant volume chamber, a rotary ring in whichone of said rows of notches is formed, means for rotating said ring fromthe exterior of the opparatus in order to vary the section of saidnotches, and valves arranged in said partition for controlling thepassage of fluid from the constant volume chamber into the saidcompartments. 1 v

11, In a. shock absorber, a chamber filled with liquid, a movablepartition dividing said chamber into two compartments having a variablevolume, openings covered and uncovered by said movable partition, aconstant volume chamber into which these openings empty, valves formedin the par- 'tition separating the constant volume charm her from eachof the variable volume charm hers, and means to impart to the movablepartition movements correspondingto the relative movements of thesuspended portion and of the unsuspended portion of the vehicle.

12. In a vibration shock absorber, a chamber filled with liquid, amovable partition dividing said chamber into two compart- .ments ofvariable volume, openings covered and uncovered by the movablepartition, some forming a circular row at the periph cry of the variablevolume chambers, others V provided in the Wall separating the constantvolumechamber and the variable'volume chambers, a constant volumechamber into which these openings empty, valves formed in the artitionseparating the constant volume c amber from each variable volume'chamber. I l v 1 13. In a shock absorber a cylindrical chamber, arotating blade dividing it intotwo compartments, a constant volumechamberadjacent to the preceding, radial notches intended to serve asbrake openings arranged in two concentric rows variable in to eachother, one of position with res ect the rows being ormed, in a rotorring,

valves between the constant volume 0 amber and the two compartments, arotating shaft, an eccentric plug engaged ring to permit of rotating theletter. i

14, In a shock absorber, several tightly closed chambers filled withliquid, a movable partition dividing and of these chambers into .h'vovariable volume compartments, 0penings covered and uncovered by themovable partition, a constant volume chamber intowhich these openingsempty, valves formed in the partition separating the constant VOL umechamber from each variable volume chamber. 7

The foregoing specification of my oscillatio I deadening device signedby me this 5 Mt day of April 1921. v, I

J LOUIS ALEXANDREGIRARD.

in a. slot of the

